Why Some Walk on Fire & Others Build Pyres: The Many Ways India Burns Holika

As Holi approaches, the air fills with excitement — colours, music, and the scent of festive sweets. But before the vibrant celebrations begin, an important ritual takes place: Holika Dahan, the symbolic burning of Holika. While the essence of the tradition remains the same across India, the way different regions conduct this ritual varies widely. Ever wondered why?

A fire that tells a story

Holika Dahan, is a night of a ritual bonfire which features dancing, singing and chanting of hymns. It is considered auspicious and signifies the triumph of good over evil. 

According to Hindu mythology, Holika, the sister of the demon king, Hiranyakashipu, attempted to burn his son, Prahlad, who was a devout follower of Lord Vishnu. However, Holika perished in the fire while Prahlad remained unharmed, thanks to his unwavering faith. The ritual symbolises the win of righteousness, but the method of burning differs from region to region.

The scientific and cultural logic

1. Circular vs pyramid arrangements

In North India, especially in states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, Holika pyres are stacked in a circular formation, while in parts of Gujarat and Maharashtra, a pyramid-like structure is common. The shape affects how the fire spreads, influencing the symbolism — some believe the circular shape represents continuity and unity, while the pyramid form signifies rising above negativity.

2. Direction matters

Many communities insist that the pyre should be lit from the east to welcome prosperity, as the sun rises from this direction. In contrast, some regions, especially in Rajasthan, start the fire from the west, which is believed to help burn away past troubles and negative energies.

3. Local elements in the firewood

In Punjab, dried cow dung cakes (symbolising sustenance) are thrown into the flames, whereas in Bengal, neem leaves are sometimes added for their medicinal properties. In some parts of Madhya Pradesh, people burn stalks of newly harvested wheat, thanking the gods for a good harvest.

4. Walking through fire

The tradition of walking on fire is hundreds of years old. People in this village believe that the ritual will grant them their wishes and absolve them of all sadness and problems. The tradition is observed in villages in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Chhattisgarh and people of all ages, including children, participate in the ritual. 

More than just a ritual

Holika Dahan is more than just a religious ritual. It's a blend of science, culture, and faith. Many believe that the fire helps purify the air by getting rid of bacteria and insects that multiply during the winter-to-summer transition. Plus, the different ways people celebrate Holika Dahan reflect their local customs, geography, and even farming traditions.

So, the next time you watch the flames rise, take a moment to appreciate the unique logic behind this age-old tradition — one that continues to unite communities in celebration and belief.

Edited by Leila Badyari Castelino