The last queen of the Punjab Empire, Maharani Jind Kaur!

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The last queen of the Punjab Empire, Maharani Jind Kaur (or Jindan, as she was also called) waged two wars against British rule in India.

Her campaign against colonial rule began when she was still in her 20s — her husband, the last Maharaja of the Punjab, had died of a stroke in 1839, and the British were trying to wrest the kingdom from her infant son and heir, Duleep Singh.

One of the most remarkable characters of 19th-century India, the feisty queen led the court, discarded the prevalent customs of sati and purdah and held meetings with ministers and the military, all of whom followed her counsel.

Even after losing the first Anglo-Sikh war, her power and influence continued unabated. To counter this, the British imprisoned and exiled her while taking her young son to England.

Over 13 years passed before he was permitted to meet his mother and bring her to London, where she remained until her death in 1863 at the age of 46.

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