Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) using materials like native seeds, cow dung, cow urine, and plant extracts can eliminate the need for synthetic fertilisers and pesticides.

The input costs for this method is zero. Here are detailed processes for making various cow dung-based fertilisers and natural pest control methods.

1. Beejamrita Mix a small quantity of cow dung and urine, and add a pinch of lime and blend well. Coat seeds with the mixture before sowing.

This seed treatment formulation enhances seed germination and protects against soil-borne diseases.

2. Jeevamrita In a 200 litre drum, mix 5 kgs of cow dung with 7 litres of cow urine. Then, add 1.5 kg each of jaggery and chickpea flour to the mixture.

Fill the drum to the brim with water and stir well. Take 40 litres of Jeevamrita to fertilise one bigha of land.

3. Brahmastra Take 1 kg of leaves from four different plants, including neem leaves. Crush the leaves and mix them with four litres each of cow urine and dung.

Boil the mixture, allow it to cool, and strain it into a storage tank. Spray it on crops 48 hours after preparation. You can store this mixture for up to six months.

4. Agnihastra Crush green chillies, peppers, and garlic to extract their juices. Combine the extract with cow urine and apply the mixture to affected plants for effective pest control.

5. Curd-based fungicide Add 50 grams of copper wire or a copper lota (spherical vessel) to one litre of curd. Let the mixture sit for at least 15 days until it turns completely blue.

Take two millilitres of this mixture and dilute it in one litre of water. Spray the diluted mixture on crops once a week throughout the season.