Air pollution is a complex mix of harmful gases and fine particles, including particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3).  Among these, the most dangerous is PM, especially tiny particles smaller than 2.5 microns.

Masks act as a physical barrier against pollutants like fine particulate matter.  With Delhi's AQI frequently breaching hazardous levels, understanding the effectiveness of different masks and choosing the right one has never been more critical.  Here’s a look at the types of masks and what work best for you.

Cloth masks  While cloth masks might be convenient, they aren't the best choice for severe air pollution. Minimal protection: Offers limited protection against pollutants Best for dust and larger particles: Not recommended for highly polluted areas

Surgical masks  These are great for everyday use in low-pollution environments but ineffective against particulate matter. Basic protection: Offers basic protection against larger particles Suitable for low pollution: Ideal for areas with moderate air pollution Limited filtration: Not effective against fine particulate matter (PM2.5)

N95 masks This is your go-to for severe air pollution. High protection: Highly effective against fine particulate matter Ideal for severe pollution: Perfect for areas with extremely poor air quality Tight fit: Ensures maximum protection Non-oil resistant: Not suitable for environments with oil-based pollutants

KN95 masks Similar to N95 masks, these offer an advantage in terms of availability. Strong protection: Offers strong protection against fine particulate matter Widely available: More accessible than N95 masks Good fit: Important for optimal performance Non-oil resistant: Not suitable for environments with oil-based pollutants

P95 masks These are ideal for industrial settings or areas with specific pollutant types, but may not be ideal for people suffering from breathing issues. Oil-resistant protection: Effective against both oil-based and non-oil-based particles Industrial settings: Suitable for environments with oil-based pollutants Higher protection: Offers greater protection compared to N95 and KN95 masks

Things to keep in mind 1. Fit is crucial: Ensure a snug fit around your nose and mouth. 2. Minimise touching: Avoid touching the mask to prevent contamination. 3. Replace regularly: Follow manufacturer's guidelines for disposable masks. 4. Clean reusable masks: Wash reusable masks after each use.

Beyond masks: Additional protection 1. Air purifiers: Use HEPA filters to clean indoor air. 2. Monitor air quality: Stay informed about real-time AQI levels.   3. Reduce exposure: Limit outdoor activities during peak pollution times. 4. Healthy lifestyle: Prioritise a balanced diet, exercise, and  sleep.